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The meaning and Czech equivalents of "should" in subordinate nominal content clauses after evaluative and directive expressions
Hráská, Michaela ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis examines functions of the modal verb should in nominal content clauses introduced by the conjunction that. The Czech counterparts of the English sentences are considered as well. The research focuses on the so-called putative should which occurs after main clauses with directive, epistemic, attitudinal, evaluative and volitional expressions. Should expressing intrinsic (root) modality (expressing permission, obligation or ability) is left out of account. The work pays attention to the basic classification of nominal content clauses deriving from a verbal form alternating with putative should. Two kinds of putative should will be dealt with, namely should after directive and volitional expressions which could have its alternative form in the present subjunctive and should after epistemic, attitudinal and evaluative expressions which could possibly alternate with the indicative. The work examines these verbal forms in relation to the intentional modality of the sentence in an independent form (e.g. declarative, interrogative or imperative sentence). The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the work describes the basic classification of all central modal verbs in English and putative should in terms of its relation towards the...
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The evolution of verb paaradigms: the present indicative from Latin to present-day Italian
KOCLÍŘOVÁ, Kristýna
This diploma thesis focuses on the evolution of the present indicative of Italian language, the thesis presents the evolution starting from Latin and finishing with a description of linguistic situation of Italian of the 19th century. The thesis incorporates two parts that are both connected - the theoretical and the analytical ones. In the first part, the basic notions such as morfology, paradigm, grammatical categories are presented and defined. Next chapters are dedicated to the situation in Latin, Old Italian and Italian of the 19th century. The second part deals with research of applied forms of selected Italian verbs. Two language corporas - OVI and DiaCORIS - are used for this part. OVI represents the period of Old Italian, while DiaCORIS describes the period of the Italian of the 19th century. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the main tendencies reguarding the evolution of present indicative and through language corpora to provide some examples of selected verbs.
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Indicative and Subjunctive in Concessive Clauses in Spanish (with the conjunction aunque)
HOJEK, Martin
The bachelor thesis investigates the use of indicative and subjunctive in Spanish concessive clauses (with the conjunction aunque). The essence of the thesis is a statistical analysis of the text samples. The theoretical part elaborated on the base of Czech and foreign specialized literature is followed by the analysis itself. The analysis was disposed by the medium of corpus CREA (Reference corpus of current Spanish made by the Spanish Royal Academy).
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Competition between the indicative and subjunctive following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French
Lipská, Karolína ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the development in the usage of verb modes following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French. An evident change in complementation of these verbs had taken place in the 17th century, namely a decrease of the subjunctive to the benefit of the indicative which became a norm in an affirmative sentence in the end of the century. The theoretical part describes this development through information in old and historical grammars. In the practical part the aim is to verify this information on authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a set of French diachronic corpora. This research enabled to create statistics, specify the theoretical information and find a turning point in the development. It also showed distinctions in the indicative/subjunctive ratio between different sentence types.
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Spanish verb grammatical constructions where the verb changes its meaning depending on the choice of mood in the subordinate clause
Vokatá, Barbora ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The present work deals with the spanish grammatical constructions with the verbs that admit both the verb in the indicative and the subjunctive in the subordinate clause and whose meaning varies depending on the selected mood in the subordinate clause. The subject of our research are the verbs insistir (en), decir, temer, temerse, sentir, esperar, hacer and parecer. By the parallel language corpus InterCorp we analyse what are the trends in the use of the above verbs in the indicative and subjunctive and we study the influence of this modal opposition how it is reflected in the czech translation. Keywords: mood, modality, subjunctive, indicative, change of meaning
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The meaning and Czech equivalents of "should" in subordinate nominal content clauses after evaluative and directive expressions
Hráská, Michaela ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis examines functions of the modal verb should in nominal content clauses introduced by the conjunction that. The Czech counterparts of the English sentences are considered as well. The research focuses on the so-called putative should which occurs after main clauses with directive, epistemic, attitudinal, evaluative and volitional expressions. Should expressing intrinsic (root) modality (expressing permission, obligation or ability) is left out of account. The work pays attention to the basic classification of nominal content clauses deriving from a verbal form alternating with putative should. Two kinds of putative should will be dealt with, namely should after directive and volitional expressions which could have its alternative form in the present subjunctive and should after epistemic, attitudinal and evaluative expressions which could possibly alternate with the indicative. The work examines these verbal forms in relation to the intentional modality of the sentence in an independent form (e.g. declarative, interrogative or imperative sentence). The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the work describes the basic classification of all central modal verbs in English and putative should in terms of its relation towards the...
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The subjunctive versus the "should"-construction and the indicative in dependent imperative clauses
Vlčková, Barbora ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
English dependent imperative clauses allow three possible forms of the verb phrase in the predicate: the subjunctive, the should-construction and the indicative. The present study deals with these paradigmatic variants and aims to examine their distribution in British English in a synchronic as well as a diachronic perspective. Drawing on grammars and previous studies, the theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the present issue and describes important terms. It is to serve mainly as background for the research part, which follows. The research project consists of two parts: a diachronic and a synchronic one. While the diachronic part focuses on the development of the distribution of the variants in dependent impererative clauses from the second half of the 20th century to the present, the synchronic part attempts to define some factors which may influnce the use of these variants in contemporary English. The study uses various corpora of British English as primary material for the research. Excerpted examples were analyzed and results were produced, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn.
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Subjunctive vs. indicative in subordinate clauses
Jungwirthová, Klára ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
Subjunctive, Indicative, subordinated clauses The aim of this thesis is to give a brief summary of the usage of subjunctive in subordinated clauses, to divide the classification into cases when: a) the subjunctive is obligatory, b) the subjunctive is a stylistic choice, c) subjununctive and indicative change the meaning of the statement. In the mean part the thesis should be concentrated on those forms (after impersonal expressions, verbs, conjunctiones, in the sequence of tenses, in the indirect questions), where we can observe that the usage is changing. The exemplification should be grounded meanly in the on-line corpus of written Italian. The partial finding out shoul be accompanied by an analytic comment. At the end of the thesis the results shoul be organized and evaluated.
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Subjuntive/Indicative alteration with the expression después de que
DOUBKOVÁ, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis elaborated on the basis of statistical analysis examines the preference in the use of indicative and subjunctive after the temporal conjunction "después de que" which shows considerable variation in the use of verbal methods in contemporary Spanish. The theoretical part prepared on the basis of specialized literature is followed by an analysis of sample texts based on corpus CREA implemented by the Spanish Royal Academy.
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